Troubleshooting your Air Conditioning (A/C) System

To learn how to fix your air conditioning system and figure out what is wrong with it you need to know how it works, so here are the basics:

There are three major types of air conditioning systems in modern cars, all of which have a very similar concept and design and as such can be explained as one. Your air conditioning system consists of a compressor, condenser, evaporator, orifice tube and a receiver-drier. In some systems you may have a thermal expansion valve instead of an orifice tube, and either a receiver drier or accumulator, as each these are effectively variations of the same component, you will have one of each.


Diagram of an Air conditioning system layout

The compressor is a belt driven pump which is run by the engine, it compresses and transfers refrigerant gas (such as Freon in older cars – see this article for more details) The air conditioning system works strangely like a heart with half of it under high pressure and half under low pressure, (discharge and suction). The intake side draws the gas from the evaporator (in some cars via an accumulator), it is then compressed and sent to the condenser.

The condenser looks just like a car radiator and is where the heat dissipates, it is usually found just in front of the radiator. Hot compressed gases enter the condenser and are cooled and leave as a high-pressure liquid.

The Evaporator is primarily to remove heat from inside a vehicle as well as dehumidifying the air. Warm air enters the evaporator coil and condenses on its surface, on humid days you can see this dripping from the bottom of your car, this is normal so don’t worry if you notice this! The evaporator operates best at 32 degrees F (zero Celsius), meaning when refrigerants enter as liquid and meets the warm air it begins to boil (as these gases have a very low boiling point) at this point the refrigerant absorbs a lot of heat from the car and it is carried away, cooling down the car.

Pressure regulating devices are used to control the pressure and subsequent temperature of the refrigerants; either the Orifice tube or the thermal expansion valve does this job. A TXV (thermal expansion valve) is a valve sensitive to pressure and temperature, they are efficient but can suffer from clogging and corrosion. Whereas an orifice tube (commonly found in GM and Ford vehicles) is a much cheaper option and is about three inches long, and found in the inlet tube of the evaporator, but they are easily clogged and replacing them can be hard as it means opening up the system and removing many parts, so TXV’s are becoming more and more popular.

A receiver-drier is found on in systems, which contain a thermal expansion valve and is part of the high-pressure section. It effectively makes sure that the refrigerant is separated into liquid and gas form and other uses include removing moisture and filtering out dirt. An accumulator also splits gas and liquid, in this case providing gas to the compressor, as introducing liquid to it can be very dangerous.

Now we know how it works then.. how do you diagnose some of the more common problems which you may encounter?

TROUBLESHOOTING COMMON PROBLEMS:

1. Start off with the obvious, check your dashboard and make sure you have air conditioning actually switched on, rather than just recalculating the air. The A/C switch actually physically turns on the compressor and allows air to be circulated: you’d be surprised how often this mistake is made!

2. Check you fans, you should be able to hear them blowing smoothly not whistling or whining, if it is your fan motors could be damaged and need to be replaced, and if it doesn’t work at all you may want to try checking the fuse first. This is fairly easy and tool is usually included as well as a tool to do the job, and the fuses are clearly labeled, if it still doesn’t work, see a mechanic.

3. If your fans work and there is still no cold air then you most likely have a problem with one of the aforementioned components, you can try following the supply line, it is a black tube going from the engine area through the dash, if it has any holes or splits then the cool air will be escaping! But you will still need to see a mechanic I’m afraid

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How to rebuild an Alternator

The Alternator is a quite complex piece of electronics. It is the new age generator in cars which has in recent years replaced dynamos which used to provide electrical power to the car. The idea is too convert mechanical (kinetic) energy into electrical energy, in order to power the cars electrical components as well as recharging the batteries. The basic principle relies on research by Michael Faraday back in 1831 when he noticed what we now know as electromagnetic induction. As a battery moves within a coil of wire a current and voltage is induced within the wire.

Faradays discovery: Electromagnetic induction (1831)

In a car the magnet spins with the axle, this provides the movement, and since the amount of curent depends upon the stregth of the magnet and the speed at which it moves, this provides a fair amount of power. The stator acts as a coil, and takes an enduced alternating current when the magnet spins within it.

When alternators fail the electrical components in a car all suffer so there are a range of symptoms which you can spot, like; misfiring, cutting out power, computer failure and devices such as tachometers will no longer work.Buying a new alternator can be very expensive.. SO

HOW DO YOU REBUILD IT?

Unfortunately, for a lot of people this will be very difficult, it is quite a complicated process and requires some knowledge of electronics as well as mechanical systems. Another bad thing: most handbooks and car guides will not tell you how to rebuild your alternator, and they are not standard so you will have to use your head a lot and your initiative whilst trying this.

make sure you disconnect the battery before you begin!

Labelled diagram of alternator

1. Make sure you have good access to the connections and mounting bolts before you begin, on different cars this may mean removing some other components. Now, locate and remove the electrical leads to the alternator, mark them and try to draw a diagram so you do not forget where you took them from.

2. Remove the Alternator bolts, again mark and draw were they came from so you dont loose or put them back in the wrong place, then remove the alternator from the car.

3. Remove the plastic covers on the alternators (if there are any) now take a good look at where all the wires are and what they link together and write it down before you remove anything! i cant stress this enough, the worst thing that can happen is you take it apart and loose a piece or forget how it all went back together!

RECTIFIER

4. Now we can start with the rectifier, this can be removed by pulling off the soldered leads, and unscrewing the mounting screws

5. Get your new rectifier and replace it in exactly the same spot, making sure you replace all the screws and wires into the correct ports. You will have to re-solder the wires back to the terminals.

BRUSHES

6. Now we need to replace the brushes, undo each of the holding screws and slide them out of their channel. clean the contact area of each brush on the armature shaft. Slide on the new brushes making sure the spring is exactly on the back of the brush such that it fits exactly into the slot.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

7. remove the screw of the bottom brush and the grounding screw. Switch the old and new units and replace all the screws and covers removed in the last few steps.

8. Re-apply the alternator to the car in the same way you removed it in step 2, reconnect all of the leads using your previously drawn diagram as reference. Replace all components removed to get to the alternator, check all of its components are correct (belt tension, heat shield etc..) before reconnecting the battery!

SORTED

Alternator in place

hopefully this Will help you, it should apply to a wide range of alternators, but many vary so consulting a book about the differences would be a good idea!

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Car Review: Mazda 3

Car Reviews: Mazda 3 (2009)

OVERALL RATING - 4/5
PRICE RANGE - £11,000 to £19,000
STYLE - HATCHBACK

The Mazda 3 was released earlier this year with prices ranging from £11,000 to £19,000 and an engine range of 1349 - 2261. It is a hatchback saloon style car with fuel options of either diesel or petrol and falls into insurance group 3 - 17 (UK only). It is looking to be a close rival to its popular competitors in the same class; the Ford Focus, Honda Civic and Volkswagen Golf.

The top range model is the Mazda 3 MPS 2.3 Turbo with Aero-Kit, it has a 2261 cc front wheel drive petrol engine and CO2 emissions of 231 grams per kilometer. It develops power of 260ps at 5500 RPM (revolutions per minute) and torque of 280 pounds per foot (lb/ft) at 3000 RPM. This model comes with a decent six speed manual gearbox and weighs a total of 1483 kg.

For £19,000 as standard you get; power-steering, full airbags, alarm, seat-belt pre-tensioners, central locking, alloy wheels, electric windows and mirrors, RDS radio, CD player, split/fold rear seats, climate control and electric sunroofs. You can also have a radio cassette, satellite navigation and reversing sensor fitted by a dealer, or leather seats and metallic paints for an extra cost.

The performance of the car is pretty good for a hatchback and for the price-range. The top speed of the top end model is 155 mph, it can accelerate from 0 - 62 mph in 6.1 seconds. It averages 29.1 miles per gallon on a combined cycle, with a fuel tank capacity of 55 litres (12 imperial gallons) which means an average of around 360 miles on a full tank of fuel.

As a Mazda it is naturally a reliable little car and not a bad performer, its affordable to run, well built and well finished (especially the interior) and very good for its price range.

Three engine sizes are available on the 3: 1.4, 1.6 and 2.0 liters, the two liter is my favourite of the three, the smaller engined cars have firmer handling making the drive at slower speeds slightly uncomfortable, thehydraulic steering of the 1.6 is more receptive and responsive than the electro-hydraulic 2.0 however, which needs to be made a little more sensitive.

The 3 is one of the roomiest and spacious cars in its class, easily seating four large adults, it has big doors for ease of access for the front and back, although it is a little tight on the shoulders in the back with three adults but fine for short-midlength journeys. It is also very welcoming for a driver, everything is easily adjustable; seats, steering wheel height and seat height.

The build quality of the car is very good, not as appealing in the interior the Vauxhall Astra or Volkswagen Golf, but everything seems well made and sturdy and Mazda's reliability record is very good, coming very high in WhatCar and JD Power customer satisfaction surveys very consistently. It has a four star NCAP safety rating, you get the full airbag setup as standard, anti lock brakes and electronic brake distribution is also standard and all models above the TS2 have stability and traction control systems. Alarms and deadlocks are standard on all models.

Overall the Mazda 3 is a very good little car, with good features for its price range. The main criticism is the rides firmness, especially at lower speeds, but i don't find this a problem personally, very well made and reliable, try a test drive today and see what you think!

Other cars in this range you may wish to consider: Vauxhall Astra, Volkswagen Golf, Honda Civic, Ford Focus.

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Car Reviews: Ford Focus 2009

The brand new model of the ever popular Ford Focus

OVERALL RATING - 3.5/5
PRICE RANGE - 16,00 - 17,500 for Coupe
STYLE - COUPE OR SEDAN
BEST PLUS - GREAT FUEL ECONOMY
BIGGEST FLAW - ROOM/COMFORT

The new Focus come in ywo body styles, Coupe and Sedan both with 2.0L engines. The Coupe version comes in two models, the SE and the SES. Both of these models come with a 2.0 Liter 16-valve duratec engine and 5 speed manual gearbox as standard, with option upgrades of a 2 liter 16 valve engine PZEV or 4 speed automatic transmition. On the SES alone you can also have a sports modified exhaust or a 4.2 final drive ratio (automatic transmition) and comes as standard with 17 inch premium alluminium wheels as opposed the the standard 16 inch alloys on other models.

Ford Focus Coupe - 2009

2-door coupe and 4-door sedan. S, SE, SES, and new-for-2009 SEL trim levels are available. S and SEL are sedan only; the S coupe has been dropped. The only engine produces 140 hp in sedans and 143 hp in coupes. Not bad performance for the cars class but not the best.

This is the greenest Ford in the range, making 35 miles per gallon, and with a 13.5 gallon petrol tank, gives an approximate maximum journey of around 450 miles without refill.

In the Coupe standard features include: Cloth front bucket seats, 60/40 split-fold rear seatbacks: (1) both seat backs up for full 3-passenger seating; (2) 60-section seat back lowered for extra cargo and 1 passenger; (3) 40-section seat back lowered for extra cargo and 2 passengers; (4) both seat backs lowered for full cargo capacity, CFC free Air conditioning, AM/FM Radio with single CD player and MP3 capabilities, audio input jack, speed sensitive volume control, SIRIUS Satalite radio with free 6 month subscription, Powered & heated outer mirrors, remote keyless entry system with 2 fobs, ambient interior lighting, halogen headlamps, two twelve volt sockets for in-car appliances, floor mats, fog lamps and rear spoiler lid! and suprisingly more!

Ford Focus Sedan - 2009

On the SES you also get; Auto-dimming interior mirrors, Cruise control, Tilt steering wheel with audio controls, voice activated entertainment and communication systems and an optional powered moonroof! For more details see here.

Overall the new Ford Focus is a good option for a mid range family car but it would be worth considering other models in the range, it is quite pricey for performance which is topped by other in the range try checking out some of the other cars below...

Other cars in this range you may wish to consider: Vauxhall Astra, Volkswagen Golf, Honda Civic, Maxda 3.

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Honda Civic

being re-written!

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Volkswagen Golf

being re-written!

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Vauxall Astra

being re-written!

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Analysis of The Chinese Car Industry

The DongFeng D120 - Flagship Chinese designed and built car

The Chinese car market is the second largest in the world. It producing over 7,189,000 motor vehicles in 2006, making it the third largest producer in the world surpassing Germany and only behind Japan and the United States.

A large reason for the size of there market it the demand for automotive parts, services and after-care products. Aswell as joint ventures with companies such as: Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Suzuki, Mazda, Daihatsu, Mitsubishi, Fiat, Isuzu, Ford, General Motors, Peurgeot-Citroen and Volkswagen.

Since 2002, 50% of all motor vehicles in China had been produced by individuals, and the total output value of the market for three quarters of 2006 was $143 Billion (USD).

In recent years China has been looking into the production of fuel efficient and alternative fueled vehicles. This year (2009) Bejing will be the first city to require GUO IV emission standards. These advances have lead to a priority in research and development on electric and hybrid cars.

Toyota is the only company in China making Hybrids selling 2,000 in 2006.


The badges of a number of manufacturers in China


The Chinese Automotive Industry Forecast (2006 – 2010):

KEY FINDINGS:

- China’s motor vehicle production and sales increased by 27.32% and 25% over the year 2005 respectively and sales crossed 7 Million Units in 2006.

- China's car consumption showed a CAGR of 54.42% from 2001 to 2005.

- Per 1000 people passenger car penetration of China was around 11 units in 2006. This was significantly lower than other countries.

- Despite the squeezing pollution regulations, the motorcycle production and sales surpassed 21 Million Units mark in 2006.

- Per capita GDP (which is an indicator of the purchasing power) of China has risen steadily. It was less than US$ 1000 in the year 1991 and was around US$ 7600 in 2006.

China Automotive Market

In the past five years, precisely after its accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China’s automotive industry has seen a phenomenal growth. This growth was coming from a country with a steadily growing economy since the last 15 years and a vast consumer base. Currently, China is the second largest automotive market after Japan and third largest automotive producing market in the world.

Key Players

This section gives an overview of the domestic and international players in the China Auto Industry on the basis of the market capitalization and sales. The main key players discussed in the report are: Volkswagen, Mazda, Nissan Motor Company Ltd., Honda, General Motors, Hyundai Motor Company, Toyota, Suzuki, Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd., Tianjin Faw Xiali Automobile Co., Ltd., Dongfeng Motor Group Co. Ltd.

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F1 must rectify its faults - Branson

Virgin boss Richard Branson says Formula One will need to rectify its 'faults' before his Group gets involved with team Honda.

The British businessman has been linked with a last-minute bid to bring Virgin into F1 with a buyout of Honda Racing - with F1 supreme Bernie Ecclestone saying the billionaire was 'keen' to come into the sport.

However, speaking to the BBC on Saturday morning, Branson made it clear that F1 had to make big changes to its finances and environmental approach before he would seriously consider an involvement.

"I love grand prix," said Branson, who was a guest of Force India at last year's Italian Grand Prix.

"If Bernie Ecclestone can make it more cost-effective for the likes of the Virgin brand to come into the sport, and if he can champion clean motor-car racing - which is possible to do by making sure all the cars run on clean fuels -then at some stage we might be interested in getting involved."

In a separate interview with BBC Radio 5 Live, Branson said: "I think there are faults that would need to be rectified before we could go into F1."

Although his comments suggest that he does not want to get involved for now, Branson was keeping his cards close to his chests about whether or not he was in talks with Honda.

F1 supremo Ecclestone - seeming made some contradictory comments over virgin this week

"If we are in discussions then I wouldn't be allowed to say so, because there would be some kind of clause that would prohibit me talking about it," said Branson.

The only other option to keep the team going is a management buyout by bosses Nick Fry and Ross Brawn, using money from Honda, television rights income from Ecclestone and sponsorship that would come from the signing of Bruno Senna.

The team has maintained silence about the state of negotiations for several weeks now, with a spokeswoman saying simply that they remain 'optimistic' they will be on the grid in Australia.

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2009 F1 Racing Calender - Canadian GP Dropped!

Montreal Circuit - home to the Canadian Grand Prix for 21 years, is no longer

The FIA issued on Tuesday the World Motor Sport Council's decision, with the Montreal race absent for the first time since 1987.

The Monreal track has played host to legends such as Michael Schumacher, Ayrton Senna, Nelson Pique, Alain Prost and Damon Hill

The governing body confirmed an 18-race calendar, including a summer break thanks to having moved the Turkish Grand Prix from August to June.

The WMSC also agreed to give FIA president Max Mosley the authority to deal with the Formula One Teams Association (FOTA) for the introduction of "radical measures to achieve a substantial reduction of costs in the championship from 2010."

"Failing agreement with FOTA, the FIA will enforce the necessary measures to achieve this goal," said the FIA in a statement.

"It was further unanimously agreed to allow Formula One teams to equalise engine performance across the field for 2009, pending the introduction of cost-saving measures from 2010," it added.

2009 F1 calendar:

Australia            29 March
Malaysia             5 April
Bahrain              19 April
Spain                10 May
Monaco               24 May
Turkey               7 June
Great Britain        21 June
France               28 June
Germany              12 July
Hungary              26 July
Europe (Valencia)    23 August
Belgium              30 August
Italy                13 September
Singapore            27 September
Japan                11 October
China                18 October
Brazil               1 November
Abu Dhabi            15 November

(Story sourced from autosport.com)

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Branson wants Honda F1 deal

Virgin owner Richard Branson is looking to expand his empire into Formula One

British businessman and owner of Virgin, Richard Branson is keen on taking over the Honda Formula One team, according to Bernie Ecclestone the sports commercial chief.

After speculation about Branson's involvement in a late bid to buy the faltering team, Ecclestone confirmed on Thursday night that he has contacted Branson's Virgin Group directly to discuss the deal.

Ecclestone said that as far as he was aware, "Branson was pushing to try and get a takeover sorted - ahead of meetings in Japan this week to discuss the future of the team."

Ecclestone said: "I've spoken to Richard's people about it. He would love to do it.

"I'd like it very much. It would be super. We're working to try to make it happen." - Branson

It now appears that the Virgin Group bid is the only viable alternative to a management buyout being put together by team chiefs Nick Fry and Ross Brawn. It is understood by various news makers that other potential bidders have been told the team do not wish to go ahead with their deals.

However, a final decision about the future of the team would rest on what parent company Honda decides to do - with the chance of disbanding the team still a possibility due to financial issues.

Parent company Honda will have final say on Bransons offer

Ecclestone said it was now up to Honda to decide which path to follow, with a final decision expected early next week.

"I have no idea which way it will go. I wouldn't bet on it either way," said Ecclestone.

Branson already has an airline, train company and looks to be the first firm which can provide commercial space travel to the world, is he the right man to take over a formula one team? i think so, you decide...

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Ayrton Senna - Driver Profile

AYRTON SENNA 1960 - 1994

Ayrton Da Silva was born in Sao Paulo Brazil, on March 21st 1960. He was a very successful Formula One driver, racing for four different teams over a ten year career, He won the world championships three times; racing in 162 Grand Prix' and winning 41 of them and appearing on the podium 80 times. His ten year career in Formula One was cut tragically short in 1994, when he died in a crash whilst leading the San Marino Grand Prix.

He began go karting at the early age of four, and by the time he was 15 he began to enter big karting championships around his home town. In 1977 his skills had become obvious, as at the age of 17 he won the South American Karting Championships and came runner up for two years.

In 1981 Senna left Brazil for Europe, where he adopted his mothers maiden name, Senna. In his first season in the UK he took up Ford Formula 1600 racing, winning the RAC and Townsend-Thorson championships in his first season. In 1982 Senna won both British and European Ford Formula 2000 championships and in 1983 he moved up to Formula Three Racing. Senna joined West Surrey Racing team and in his first season won the championship again, just beating a young Martin Brundle, then of Eddie Jordan Racing, to the title.

By 1984 Senna's potential was begining to be truely realised, and he was taken on as test driver for periods with Brabham, McLaren, Toleman and Williams. In March of the same year, Senna was given his first chance in Formula One by the Toleman - Hart racing team replacing Derek Warwick as a driver.

He made his race debut in his home, Brazilian Grand-Prix held in Rio de Janeiro, but sadly left the race after just eight laps when his turbo systems failed. He scored his first points in his second ever Gran-Prix at Kyalami, South Africa. Senna failed to qualify for the San Marino Grand Prix, the only time this ever happened in his 10 year Formula one history, in which he raced 162 times, coming on the podium 80 times and winning 40 outright, due to a combination of tyre and pressure problems with his car. In this debut season, Senna achieved 3 podium finishes, in Monaco, Portugal and Britain, and finished in an 9th place overall, scoring a respectable 13 points. The fight for first place was settled by just half a point that year, with Niki Lauda getting 72 points and Alain Prost with 71.5.

In 1985 Senna bought out the last year of his contract with Toleman-Hart and made the switch to the Lotus-Renault Racing team where he was met with even more success. In the first race of the season in Brazil, Senna won his first of what would be 65 in his career, a record only bettered by Michael Schumacher. In the very next race Senna took his very first Grand Prix win, in Portugal after again taking pole position on the grid and eventually beating Michele Alboleto by over one Minuite. In the same season Senna managed another victory in Belgium and podium postitions in the Austrian, Dutch and European Grand Prix' he finished the season on 38 points in 4th place.

Senna got a flying start to the 1986 season, coming second in Brazil and winning the Spanish Grand Prix by 0.014 seconds to Nigel Mansell, the closest finish in recent Formula One history and after two races Senna found himself leading the World Drivers Championship for the first time ever. However an unreliable car let him down and ove the course of the season he dropped out of 6 races with trouble with his car. But managed another race win in Detroit and podium finishes in Brazil, Monaco, Belgium, Germany, Hungary and Mexico and he finished the season on 55 points and again in 4th place despite a much higher points score than in 1985.

For the 1987 season Senna and his car were both in better form, he was forced to retire from three races and was disqualified from the final race if the season, the Australian Grand Prix as his car was checked over and found that his brake ducts were too wide for the rule book. These fall backs didn't stop Senna though, he recorded two back to back win early on in the season, his second win at Detroit in as many years and a win in Monaco, which would turn out to be the first of a string of 6 victories at the circuit as Senna dominated this track in years to come. He achieved 4 second place finishes that season, at San Marino, Hungary, Italy and Japan, with third place finishes in Britain and Germany. Senna finished the season on 57 points and in third place in the Drivers Championships.

Senna and Nigel Mansell on the podium

In 1988 Senna moved for what was to be a six year spell at Honda Marlboro McLaren. Senna was disqualified from the first race of the season after swerving and blocking his own team mate Alain Prost in a fierce battle for the race, showing signs of the pairs intense rivalry as the best two drivers of the time. This did not hold Senna back and he won the second, San Marino, Grand Prix and went on to win in Canada, Detroit, Britain, Germany, Hungary, Belgium and Japan, Ayrton Senna had arrived. He finished second in Mexico, France and Australia and rounded of a brilliant season, he totalled 90 points and won his first ever World Drivers Championship, he was officially the best driver in the world, beating teammate and bitter rival Alain Prost by only 3 points, between them they had won every race of the season bar the Italian Grand Prix and so, McLaren flew away with the Constructors Cup with 199 points to Ferrari's 65 in second place.

In 1989 Prost and Senna's battle intensified and a number of battles on and off the track occurred, leading to a number of disqualifications for the pair and allegations of cheating and not following pre-agreed race tactics between the pair. Senna came of worse in these battles, he achieved 6 wins and one second place finish to end up on 60 points, in second place behind Prost's 76 despite being out of 7 races due to crashes and disqualification (usually down to Prost). Prost left the team at the end of the season to join rivals Ferrari.

This turned out to be a very bad decision on the part of Prost, as Senna flew out of the blocks and took the next two season' Drivers Championships. In 1990 he took 6 first place finishes, 2 second and 3 third to finish on 78 points, beating Prost by 7 points. In 1991 Senna was unstoppable, he won 7 races and got another five podium finishes and finished the season on 96 points, beating Prost by a comprehensive 62 points as he finished in 5th place, second place going to Nigell Mansell on 72.

The next two seasons Senna finished 4th and Second, with Nigell Mansell finally taking the title in 92 and in 1993 it was the turn of now Renault driver Alain Prost.

On the first of May 1994, the world Mourned the death of a true Formula One Legend, Senna was killed in a crash whilst leading the San Marino Grand Prix. Senna claimed pole for the race and after the death in qualifying of Ratzenberger, security and safety was key in the race. But Senna flew out of the blocks setting the fastest time, As Senna entered the high-speed Tamburello corner on the next lap, the car left the track at high speed, hitting the concrete retaining wall at around 135 mph, he was air lifted to hospital and later declared dead at 34 years of age.

Aftermath of the Senna crash in San Marino

Formula One had lost who in my opinion was the greatest driver of all time, statistically the third but his career was tragically short at its twilight. Senna was a true legend of the sport, keep an eye out for his nephew Bruno Senna coming up in Formula one in the next few seasons!

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